埃塞俄比亚保护区内人与自然之间的权衡取舍，凸显了将全球保护目标转化为国家现实所面临的挑战

1. 信息

2. 摘要

Achieving global biodiversity targets, such as the commitment to conserve 30% of the planet by 2030, depends on the ability of individual countries to translate targets into reality. While there has long been recognition that protected areas can bring costs as well as benefits, the implications of this for delivery of global targets have not been fully explored. We focus on Ethiopia, a country supporting globally important biodiversity but facing substantial poverty challenges. We characterize the extent and representativeness of Ethiopia’s protected area network, demonstrating that a threefold expansion—particularly into ecoregions with higher opportunity cost—would be required to meet the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework Target 3. Using a quasi-experimental approach (accounting for known confounders and exploring sensitivity to potential unobserved confounders), we show that the existing protected area network has reduced forest loss and agricultural expansion, and helped to maintain grasslands. Yet, this has brought social wellbeing costs equivalent to 3.9 million fewer household-months of adequate food. Surveys show that national conservation stakeholders recognize these challenges and prioritize improving effectiveness of the existing network over expansion. Our findings highlight that trade-offs between environmental and social outcomes are not simply challenges to be managed, but are central to whether global biodiversity commitments can be delivered.

3. 图表

4. 引用

@article{jago2026,
  author = {Sophie Jago and Gebremeskel Gizaw and Bezawit Genanaw and Joe Langley and Ermias Lulekal and Joseph D. M. White and Adèle N. Rowlands and Tariku Geda and Kumara Wakjira and Fekede Regassa and Sebsebe Demissew and Feleke Woldeyes and Wendawek Abebe and Julia P. G. Jones and Robert J. Smith and James S. Borrell},
  title = {Trade-offs between nature and people in Ethiopia’s protected areas demonstrate challenges in translating global conservation targets into national realities},
  journal = {Nature Ecology \& Evolution},
  year = {2026},
  volume = {10},
  number = {6},
  pages = {1057-1070},
  doi = {10.1038/s41559-026-03047-9},
  publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
}