Science2026Article

长江禁渔令遏制了长达七十年的生物多样性衰退

Fishing ban halts seven decades of biodiversity decline in the Yangtze River

Fangyuan Xiong · Zhongyang Li · Sébastien Brosse · Julian D. Olden · Steven J. Cooke · Bo Yang · Ying Lu · Wenqi Gao · Wei Xin · Yushun Chen

1. 信息

DOI10.1126/science.adu5160

期刊Science

类型Article

发表2026-02-12

卷期页391(6786): 719-723

收录2026-10-04

被浏览…

关键词freshwater biodiversity decline fisheries restoration fish community recovery fish biomass fish condition species diversity threatened fish species conservation effectiveness

标签—

2. 摘要

自20世纪50年代以来，中国经济的快速发展引发了前所未有的淡水生物多样性危机。为了恢复渔业资源，2021年长江禁渔令生效，禁止了流域内所有商业捕捞活动。我们通过评估禁渔令实施前后（2018年至2023年）长江干流栖息地鱼类群落的变化，来评价这项大规模保护措施的有效性。长达七十年的生物多样性丧失趋势得到遏制，鱼类生物量、体况、物种多样性均有所改善，濒危物种也开始初步恢复。除了改善水质、恢复水文和河岸栖息地以及减少船舶交通等措施外，消除捕捞压力可能是这一恢复的关键。雄心勃勃的保护措施可以阻止长江生物多样性的丧失，并为其他大型河流的生物多样性恢复带来希望。

原文摘要（English）

China’s rapid economic development has triggered an unparalleled freshwater biodiversity crisis since the 1950s. To restore fisheries resources, the Yangtze River Fishing Ban was implemented in 2021 to cease all basin-wide commercial fishing. We evaluate the effectiveness of this large-scale conservation action by assessing fish communities across mainstem habitats before and after the ban (2018 to 2023). The seven-decadal biodiversity loss was halted with improvements in fish biomass, body condition, species diversity, and initial recovery of threatened species. Eliminating fishing pressure was likely key to this recovery, in addition to actions targeting water quality improvement, hydrological and riparian habitat restoration, and vessel traffic reduction. Ambitious conservation actions can halt biodiversity loss in the Yangtze River, bringing hope for biodiversity recovery in other large rivers.

3. 图表

4. 引用

Xiong F, Li Z, Brosse S, et al. Fishing ban halts seven decades of biodiversity decline in the Yangtze River[J]. Science, 2026, 391(6786): 719-723. DOI: 10.1126/science.adu5160.

查看 BibTeX

@article{xiong2026,
  author = {Fangyuan Xiong and Zhongyang Li and Sébastien Brosse and Julian D. Olden and Steven J. Cooke and Bo Yang and Ying Lu and Wenqi Gao and Wei Xin and Yushun Chen},
  title = {Fishing ban halts seven decades of biodiversity decline in the Yangtze River},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {2026},
  volume = {391},
  number = {6786},
  pages = {719-723},
  doi = {10.1126/science.adu5160},
  publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)},
}

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