北方森林遭到皆伐后，生物多样性恢复缓慢

1. 信息

2. 摘要

Boreal forests are important reservoirs of biodiversity, carbon and timber stocks. However, timber harvest can alter biodiversity in these forests without clear evidence on the duration needed for biotic groups to recover. Resilience of boreal forest biodiversity to clear-cut harvest was examined with a meta-analysis of 190 datasets from boreal and hemi-boreal forests of Europe/Russia and North America for arthropods, birds, small mammals, lichens, bryophytes and vascular plants. We modelled similarity of community composition between harvested and unharvested stands versus years post harvest. In approximately half of cases, predicted times for recovery to pre-harvest composition were ≤30 years. In other cases, recovery took much longer or had not occurred within the timeframe of our data; for example, in conifer forest: >100 years (bryophytes), >55 years (small mammals), ~95 years (lichens) and ~85 years (vascular plants). Saproxylic beetles showed no resilience within the 16 (conifer forest) or 29 (mixed forest) years post harvest for which we had data. Recovery generally took longer in conifer and mixed than in broadleaf forests, which always showed either resistance (bryophytes, vascular plants) or resilience with recovery within 12–25 years. Conserving biodiversity in boreal forests will require extended rotations, management for ‘old forest’ structural elements and areas protected from harvesting.

3. 图表

4. 引用

@article{macdonald2026,
  author = {S. Ellen Macdonald and Anne C. S. McIntosh and Selena Schut and Samuel Bartels and Seung-Il Lee and Elvira Baisheva and Jeff Battigelli and Erin Bayne and Yves Bergeron and Mathieu Bouchard and Brendan Casey and Mats Dynesius and I. Tanya Handa and Joakim Hjältén and Kristoffer Hylander and Matti Koivula and Jari Kouki and Therese Löfroth and Asko Lõhmus and Anders Nielsen and Sonya Odsen and Manuela Panzacchi and Jaime Pinzon and Peter B. Reich and Pavel Shirokikh and Ekaterina Shorohova and Ilkka Vanha-Majamaa and Lisa Venier and Tim Work and Linhao Wu},
  title = {Biodiversity recovery is slow following clear-cut harvest of boreal forests},
  journal = {Nature Sustainability},
  year = {2026},
  doi = {10.1038/s41893-026-01868-x},
  publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
}