保护热带森林比恢复热带森林更具成本效益，对生物多样性和气候都更有利

1. 信息

2. 摘要

Halting deforestation and promoting restoration are at the core of strategies to confront the biodiversity and climate crises in tropical forests. Avoiding forest disturbances is also critically important but has received far less attention, and there is a lack of clarity about the relative cost-effectiveness of these three interventions. We compare the biodiversity and carbon benefits and costs associated with each intervention, comparing observed and counterfactual outcomes based on in-depth field assessments and high-resolution remote sensing in the Brazilian Amazon deforestation frontier. Avoidance interventions delivered the greatest benefits and were more cost-effective than restoration, with results being robust to a range of benefit and cost assumptions. However, combined interventions delivered the greatest gains and were essential to reverse biodiversity and carbon losses.

3. 图表

4. 引用

@article{miranda2026,
  author = {Leonardo S. Miranda and James R. Thomson and Joice Ferreira and Toby A. Gardner and Erika Berenguer and Alexander C. Lees and Ralph Mac Nally and Luiz E. O. C. Aragão and Pedro H. S. Brancalion and Silvio F. B. Ferraz and Rachael D. Garrett and Paulo G. Molin and Nárgila G. Moura and Sâmia S. Nunes and Luke Parry and Juliana M. Silveira and Ima C. G. Vieira and Cecilia Viana and Jos Barlow},
  title = {Protecting tropical forests is more cost-effective for biodiversity and climate than restoration},
  journal = {Science},
  year = {2026},
  volume = {393},
  number = {6817},
  pages = {1221-1225},
  doi = {10.1126/science.adx9928},
  publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)},
}