Severe and widespread coral reef damage during the 2014-2017 Global Coral Bleaching Event
C. Mark Eakin · Scott F. Heron · Sean R. Connolly · Denise A. Devotta · Gang Liu · Erick F. Geiger · Jacqueline L. De La Cour · Andrea M. Gomez · William J. Skirving · Andrew H. Baird · Neal E. Cantin · Courtney S. Couch · Simon D. Donner · James Gilmour · Manuel Gonzalez-Rivero · Mishal Gudka · Hugo B. Harrison · Gregor Hodgson · Ove Hoegh-Guldberg · Andrew S. Hoey · Mia O. Hoogenboom · Terry P. Hughes · Meaghan E. Johnson · James T. Kerry · Tadashi Kimura · Jennifer Mihaly · Aarón Israel Muñiz-Castillo · David O. Obura · Morgan S. Pratchett · Andrea Rivera-Sosa · Claire L. Ross · Jennifer Stein · Angus Thompson · Gergely Torda · T. Shay Viehman · Cory S. Walter · Shaun Wilson · Benjamin L. Marsh · Blake L. Spady · Noel Dyer · Thomas C. Adam · Pedro Alcolado · Mahsa Alidoostsalimi · Parisa Alidoostsalimi · Lorenzo Alvarez-Filip · Mariana Álvarez-Noriega · Jesús Ernesto Arias-González · Keisha D. Bahr · Peter Barnes · José Enrique Barraza Sandoval · Julia K. Baum · Andrew G. Bauman · Maria Beger · Kathryn Berry · Pia Bessell-Browne · Lionel Bigot · Victor Bonito · Ole B. Brodnicke · David Burdick · Deron E. Burkepile · April J. Burt · John A. Burt · Ian R. Butler · Jamie M. Caldwell · Yannick Chancerelle · Chaolun Allen Chen · Kah-Leng Cherh · Michael J. Childress · Darren J. Coker · Bryan Costa · Georgia Coward · M. James C. Crabbe · Thomas Dallison · Steven Dalton · Thomas M. DeCarlo · Crawford Drury · Ian Drysdale · Clinton B. Edwards · Linda Eggertsen · Eylem Elma · Rosmin S. Ennis · Richard D. Evans · Gal Eyal · Douglas Fenner · Baruch Figueroa-Zavala · Jay Fisch · Michael D. Fox · Elena Gadoutsis · Antoine Gilbert · Andrew R. Halford · Tom Heintz · James Hewlett · Jean-Paul A. Hobbs · Whitney C. Hoot · Peter Houk · Lyza Johnston · Michelle A. Johnston · Hajime Kayanne · Emma V. Kennedy · Ruy Kenji Papa de Kikuchi · Ulrike Kloiber · Haruko Koike · K. Lindsey Kramer · Chao-Yang Kuo · Judith Lang · Alice Lawrence · Abigail Leadbeater · Zelinda M. A. N. Leão · Jen Nie Lee · Cynthia Lewis · Diego Lirman · Guilherme Ortigara Longo · Chancey MacDonald · Jennie Mallela · Sangeeta Mangubhai · Isabel Marques da Silva · Christophe Mason-Parker · Vanessa McDonough · Melanie McField · Thayná Mello · Celine Miternique-Agathe · Mouchtadi Madi · Stephan Moldzio · Alison A. Monroe · Monica Montefalcone · Kevin S. Moses · Pargol G. Mostafavi · Rodrigo Leão de Moura · Chathurika S. Munasinghe · Jelvas Mwaura · Takashi Nakamura · Jean-Benoit Nicet · Marissa F. Nuttall · Marilia D. M. Oliveira · Hazel A. Oxenford · John M. Pandolfi · Vardhan Patankar · Denise Perez · Nishan Perera · Derta Prabuning · William Precht · K. Diraviya Raj · James D. Reimer · Laura E. Richardson · Randi Rotjan · Nicole Ryan · Rod Salm · Stuart A. Sandin · Stephanie Schopmeyer · George Shedrawi · Mohammad Reza Shokri · Jennifer E. Smith · Kylie Smith · Struan R. Smith · Tyler B. Smith · Brigitte Sommer · Melina Soto · Richard Suckoo · Helen Sykes · Kelley Anderson Tagarino · Marianne Teoh · Minh Quang Thai · Tai Chong Toh · Alex Tredinnick · Alex Tso · Harriet Tyley · Ali M. Ussi · Bernardo Vargas-Angel · Christian Vaterlaus · Mark J. A. Vermeij · Si Tuan Vo · Christian R. Voolstra · Hin Boo Wee · Bradley A. Weiler · Dana E. Williams · Saleh A. S. Yahya · Thamasak Yeemin · Maren Ziegler · Derek P. Manzello
期刊Nature Communications / Nat Commun
类型Article
发表2026-02-10 (online)
卷期页17(1): 1318
收录2026-10-04
被浏览…
关键词coral bleachingcoral mortalitymarine heatwavesocean warmingcoral reef degradationheat stressreef survey
标签—
海洋变暖正在加剧热带珊瑚白化和死亡的频率、范围和严重程度。2014年至2017年间,海洋热浪引发了第三次全球珊瑚白化事件。我们分析了2014年至2017年间全球15066个珊瑚礁调查的数据。在所有调查的珊瑚礁中,80%经历了中度或更严重的白化(影响超过10%的珊瑚),35%经历了死亡。我们利用基于调查珊瑚礁校准的白化响应曲线,结合全面的热胁迫遥感数据,预测了全球珊瑚白化和死亡的程度。这些模型预测,全球51%的珊瑚礁在一年或多年内遭受了中度或更严重的白化,15%的珊瑚礁死亡,其破坏程度超过了以往任何一次全球珊瑚白化事件。我们的研究结果表明,海洋变暖对珊瑚礁的影响正在加速,几乎可以肯定的是,持续的变暖将导致这些重要生态系统发生大规模的、甚至可能是不可逆转的退化。由于此次事件期间的热应激水平超过了以往观测到的水平,美国国家海洋和大气管理局制定了更为严格的珊瑚白化预警级别,这些级别目前正在第四次全球珊瑚白化事件期间使用。
Ocean warming is increasing the frequency, extent, and severity of tropical-coral bleaching and mortality. During 2014–2017, marine heatwaves caused the Third Global Coral Bleaching Event. We analyze data from 15,066 reef surveys globally during 2014–2017. Across all surveyed reefs, 80% and 35% experienced moderate or greater (affecting >10% of corals) bleaching and mortality, respectively. We assess the global extent of coral bleaching and mortality by applying bleaching response curves calibrated from surveyed reefs to predict bleaching globally, based on comprehensive remote-sensing of heat stress. These models predict that 51% and 15% of the world’s coral reefs suffered moderate or greater bleaching and mortality, respectively, during one or multiple years, surpassing damage from any prior global coral bleaching event. Our findings demonstrate that the impacts of ocean warming on coral reefs are accelerating, with the near certainty that ongoing warming will cause large-scale, possibly irreversible, degradation of these essential ecosystems. With heat stress levels during this event surpassing those observed previously, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration developed more extreme Bleaching Alert levels that are now being used during the ongoing Fourth Global Coral Bleaching Event.

@article{eakin2026,
author = {C. Mark Eakin and Scott F. Heron and Sean R. Connolly and Denise A. Devotta and Gang Liu and Erick F. Geiger and Jacqueline L. De La Cour and Andrea M. Gomez and William J. Skirving and Andrew H. Baird and Neal E. Cantin and Courtney S. Couch and Simon D. Donner and James Gilmour and Manuel Gonzalez-Rivero and Mishal Gudka and Hugo B. Harrison and Gregor Hodgson and Ove Hoegh-Guldberg and Andrew S. Hoey and Mia O. Hoogenboom and Terry P. Hughes and Meaghan E. Johnson and James T. Kerry and Tadashi Kimura and Jennifer Mihaly and Aarón Israel Muñiz-Castillo and David O. Obura and Morgan S. Pratchett and Andrea Rivera-Sosa and Claire L. Ross and Jennifer Stein and Angus Thompson and Gergely Torda and T. Shay Viehman and Cory S. Walter and Shaun Wilson and Benjamin L. Marsh and Blake L. Spady and Noel Dyer and Thomas C. Adam and Pedro Alcolado and Mahsa Alidoostsalimi and Parisa Alidoostsalimi and Lorenzo Alvarez-Filip and Mariana Álvarez-Noriega and Jesús Ernesto Arias-González and Keisha D. Bahr and Peter Barnes and José Enrique Barraza Sandoval and Julia K. Baum and Andrew G. Bauman and Maria Beger and Kathryn Berry and Pia Bessell-Browne and Lionel Bigot and Victor Bonito and Ole B. Brodnicke and David Burdick and Deron E. Burkepile and April J. Burt and John A. Burt and Ian R. Butler and Jamie M. Caldwell and Yannick Chancerelle and Chaolun Allen Chen and Kah-Leng Cherh and Michael J. Childress and Darren J. Coker and Bryan Costa and Georgia Coward and M. James C. Crabbe and Thomas Dallison and Steven Dalton and Thomas M. DeCarlo and Crawford Drury and Ian Drysdale and Clinton B. Edwards and Linda Eggertsen and Eylem Elma and Rosmin S. Ennis and Richard D. Evans and Gal Eyal and Douglas Fenner and Baruch Figueroa-Zavala and Jay Fisch and Michael D. Fox and Elena Gadoutsis and Antoine Gilbert and Andrew R. Halford and Tom Heintz and James Hewlett and Jean-Paul A. Hobbs and Whitney C. Hoot and Peter Houk and Lyza Johnston and Michelle A. Johnston and Hajime Kayanne and Emma V. Kennedy and Ruy Kenji Papa de Kikuchi and Ulrike Kloiber and Haruko Koike and K. Lindsey Kramer and Chao-Yang Kuo and Judith Lang and Alice Lawrence and Abigail Leadbeater and Zelinda M. A. N. Leão and Jen Nie Lee and Cynthia Lewis and Diego Lirman and Guilherme Ortigara Longo and Chancey MacDonald and Jennie Mallela and Sangeeta Mangubhai and Isabel Marques da Silva and Christophe Mason-Parker and Vanessa McDonough and Melanie McField and Thayná Mello and Celine Miternique-Agathe and Mouchtadi Madi and Stephan Moldzio and Alison A. Monroe and Monica Montefalcone and Kevin S. Moses and Pargol G. Mostafavi and Rodrigo Leão de Moura and Chathurika S. Munasinghe and Jelvas Mwaura and Takashi Nakamura and Jean-Benoit Nicet and Marissa F. Nuttall and Marilia D. M. Oliveira and Hazel A. Oxenford and John M. Pandolfi and Vardhan Patankar and Denise Perez and Nishan Perera and Derta Prabuning and William Precht and K. Diraviya Raj and James D. Reimer and Laura E. Richardson and Randi Rotjan and Nicole Ryan and Rod Salm and Stuart A. Sandin and Stephanie Schopmeyer and George Shedrawi and Mohammad Reza Shokri and Jennifer E. Smith and Kylie Smith and Struan R. Smith and Tyler B. Smith and Brigitte Sommer and Melina Soto and Richard Suckoo and Helen Sykes and Kelley Anderson Tagarino and Marianne Teoh and Minh Quang Thai and Tai Chong Toh and Alex Tredinnick and Alex Tso and Harriet Tyley and Ali M. Ussi and Bernardo Vargas-Angel and Christian Vaterlaus and Mark J. A. Vermeij and Si Tuan Vo and Christian R. Voolstra and Hin Boo Wee and Bradley A. Weiler and Dana E. Williams and Saleh A. S. Yahya and Thamasak Yeemin and Maren Ziegler and Derek P. Manzello},
title = {Severe and widespread coral reef damage during the 2014-2017 Global Coral Bleaching Event},
journal = {Nature Communications},
year = {2026},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {1318},
doi = {10.1038/s41467-025-67506-w},
publisher = {Springer Science and Business Media LLC},
}· END ·